Debt collection and unpaid accounts
What happens when a customer or debtor does not pay?
For an overdue invoice, unpaid service fee, loan or other claimed debt, identify the exact debtor, the source of the obligation, when payment became due and whether the amount is contested. A successful collection matter needs both a sound legal basis and a realistic route to payment.
1. Establish the amount and the correct party
Reconcile invoices, credits, interest, payments and any set-off or counterclaim. An agreement with a company does not, without more, make its director personally liable. A signed suretyship, where relied upon, must be inspected alongside the underlying transaction.
2. Decide whether a demand or statutory notice is required
A demand should explain what is claimed, why it is due, and how the recipient can respond. Before enforcing a regulated consumer-credit agreement, an attorney must consider the National Credit Act's section 129 and 130 requirements. The fact that money is owed does not mean every account is subject to the same notice procedure.
3. Assess litigation and recovery prospects
Depending on the amount, parties, documents and relief, recovery may involve negotiation, a defended or undefended action, judgment and subsequent enforcement. The appropriate court, likely costs, prescription and the debtor's practical ability to pay affect whether litigation is proportionate.
For the legal basis of any contractual breach, see breach of contract; for a general defended action, see civil claims.